Anna Nakwaska (1781–1851) i Olimpia Chodźko (1797–1889) jako tłumaczki literatury polskiej na francuski: przekład i współpraca w sieci kontaktów kulturowych

This article examines the translation work of Anna Nakwaska and Olympe Chodzko (Olimpia Chodźkowa) as two of the earliest female translators of Polish literature into French in the nineteenth century. It situates their activity within extensive networks of cultural exchange linking the literary salons of Warsaw and Paris with émigré communities. Translation is presented not as an individual undertaking but as a collective enterprise, closely connected to publishing initiatives and efforts to promote Polish culture abroad. The study highlights the multiplicity of the authors’ roles - as translators of others’ works and as writers whose own texts were translated by others - and underscores the importance of French as a vehicle for international literary circulation, despite growing criticism of elite francophonie. By reconstructing these interconnected practices, the article offers new insight into the dynamics and resilience of the social networks that sustained translation during a period of national crisis.