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Article 2018

European Electronic Toll Service jako narzędzie interoperacyjności systemów poboru opłat drogowych w Unii Europejskiej

Authors / editors: Sylwia Kowalska

Published in: Europa Regionum

The development of information technologies has allowed the replacement of manual toll roads payments with electronic toll collection systems. The process of their introduction in Europe has began in the nineties, and currently operates in most of countries of the European Union.…

DOI: 10.18276/er.2018.35-03 · ISSN: 1428-278X

Article 2017

Opłaty drogowe jako instrument internalizacji kosztów zewnętrznych transportu

Authors / editors: Sylwia Kowalska

Published in: Europa Regionum

Road transport causes negative effects as costs that are bear by society, environment and economy. One of the biggest problem is significant increase of CO2 emission in EU countries. Moreover increased traffic affects the deterioration of road infrastructure. Transport policy o…

DOI: 10.18276/er.2017.32-03 · ISSN: 1428-278X