Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine


ISSN: 2300-9705     eISSN: 2353-2807    OAI    DOI: 10.18276/cej.2020.1-08
CC BY-SA   Open Access   DOAJ  DOAJ

Liste der Ausgaben / Vol. 29, No. 1/2020
The Strength of Lower Limbs in Elite Gymnasts and Swimmers

Autoren: Aleksander Wiażewicz
the University of Szczecin, Faculty of Physical Culture and Health, Poland

Waldemar Wiśniowski
Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Biała Podlaska

Tomasz Sacewicz
Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Biała Podlaska, Poland

Magdalena Czajka
Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Student of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Biała Podlaska, Poland
Schlüsselbegriffe: lower limbs strength Biodex gymnasts swimmers
Veröffentlichungsdatum der gesamten Ausgabe:2020
Seitenanzahl:12 (77-88)
Cited-by (Crossref) ?:

Abstract

Critical moments during gymnastic exercises are those related to landing and suppressing overloads, transmitted through lower limbs. A swimmer’s lower limbs provide a good body position in the water and maintain the balance. Both in sports authors postulate reaching bilateral, steady development of the athlete’s body. The main aim was identification and a comparative analysis of the hip, knee and ankle joints flexors and extensors strength, of highly qualified gymnasts and swimmers. Ten healthy subjects participated in the investigation. Five gymnasts (22.2 ±7.3 y.o., 169.4 ±3.91 cm, 64.4 ±3.78 kg) and five swimmers (20.5 ±1.3 y.o., 186.2 ±1.64 cm, 78.4 ±2.61 kg) were highly qualified Polish athletes. Strength measurements were made on Biodex S4 isokinetic dynamometer. Subjects performed hip extension/flexion in lying position, knee extension/flexion and ankle plantar/dorsi flexion. Strength parameters of the lower limbs differentiate gymnasts and swimmers. Lower limb’s strength parameters can be used during training, control, selection or prevention. To achieve a high sport level, swimmers must demonstrate higher strength parameters of lower limbs than gymnasts. The value of work in the maximum repetition (MRW) should be thoroughly analyzed. Highly qualified gymnasts and swimmers should take into account the harmonious, bilateral strength development of the lower limbs.
herunterladen

Artikeldatei

Bibliographie

1.Alonso-Cortés Fradejas, B., Alvear-Órdenes, I., Ramírez-García, C., García-Isla, F.J., González-Gallego, J., Seco Calvo, J. (2006). Valoración isocinética del hombro en jóvenes nadadores mediante un patrón diagonal. Fisioterapia, 28 (6), 298–307. DOI: 10.1016/S0211-5638(06)74064-0.
2.Aydog, S.T., Ozçakar, L., Tetik, O., Demirel, H.A., Hasçelik, Z., Doral, M.N. (2005). Relation between foot arch index and ankle strength in elite gymnasts: a preliminary study. Br J Sports Med, 39 (3), e13. DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2004.011627.
3.Bartkowiak, E. (1972). Pływanie sportowe. Warszawa: Sport i Turystyka.
4.Bartkowiak, E. (1984). Pływanie. Warszawa: Sport i Turystyka.
5.Biodex Medical Systems, Inc. (2019a). Biodex Multi-Joint System – Pro. Setup/Operation Manual. Retrieved from https://www.biodex.com/sites/default/files/850000man_08262revb.pdf.
6.Biodex Medical Systems, Inc. (2019b). Isokinetic Testing And Data Interpretation. Retrieved from https://www.biodex.com/sites/default/files/manual-clinical-resources-data.pdf.
7.Bober, T., Hay, J.G. (1991). Dobór pozycji kątowych do pomiaru maksymalnych momentów sił mięśni w stawach kończyn człowieka. Zeszyty Naukowe AWF Wrocław, 53, 5–15.
8.Bogajewski, D., Roszko, R., Witkowski, M., Wróbel, W. (1969). Pływanie. Technika, metodyka i systematyka. Warszawa: AWF Warszawa.
9.Bołoban, W., Wiśniowski, W., Mistułowa, T., Niźnikowski, T. (2003). Metody aktywnego nauczania ćwiczeń akrobatycznych, złożonych koordynacyjnie. W: Międzynarodowa konferencja naukowa „Kierunki doskonalenia treningu i walki sportowej” (pp. 97–100). Warszawa: AWF Warszawa.
10.Cahalan, T.D., Johnson, M.E., Liu, S., Chao, E.Y. (1989). Quantitative measurements of hip strength in different age groups. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 246, 136–145.
11.Czabański, B., Fiłon, M., Zatoń, K. (eds) (2003). Elementy teorii pływania. Wrocław: AWF Wrocław.
12.Czajka, M., Wiśniowski, W., Sacewicz, T. (2016). The differences of legs strength possibilities of Artistic Gymnastics Elite athlete in two periods of sports preparation. VI Mjeżdunarodnoj Naućnoj Konfjerjencii Studjentow i Molodych Ućjenych: „Uniwjersitjeskij Sport: Zdorowje i Procwjetanie Nacii”. Małachowka.
13.Daneshjoo, A., Rahnama, N., Mokhtar, A.H., Yusof, A. (2013). Bilateral and unilateral asymmetries of isokinetic strength and flexibility in male young professional soccer players. J Hum Kinet, 36 (1), 45–53. DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2013-0005.
14.Dotan, R., Mitchell, C., Cohen, R., Gabriel, D., Klentrou, P., Falk, B. (2013). Child-adult differences in the kinetics of torque development. J Sports Sci, 31 (9), 945–953. DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2012.757343.
15.Garcia, P.A., Dias, J.M., Dias, R.C., Santos, P., Zampa, C.C. (2011). A study on the relationship between muscle function, functional mobility and level of physical activity in community-dwelling elderly. Rev Bras Fisioter, 15 (1), 15–22. DOI: 10.1590/S1413-35552011000100005.
16.Gerhardt, C., Doyscher, R., Boschert, H.P., Scheibel, M. (2014). The gymnastics shoulder. Orthopade, 43 (3) 230–235. DOI: 10.1007/s00132-013-2145-6.
17.Hakestad, K.A., Nordsletten, L., Torstveit, M.K., Risberg, M.A. (2014). Postmenopausal women with osteopenia and a healed wrist fracture have reduced physical function and quality of life compared to a matched, healthy control group with no fracture. BMC Womens Health, 14 (1), 92. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-14-92.
18.Jensen, R.H., Smith, G.L., Johnson, R.C. (1971). A technique for obtaining measurement of force generated by the hip muscle. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 52 (5), 207–215.
19.Jurkojć, J., Michnik, R., Skubacz, H., Ziółkowska, E. (2012). Pomiary momentów sił mięśniowych w warunkach izokinetycznych u gimnastyków sportowych. Modelowanie Inżynierskie, 45 (14), 156–160.
20.Kędzior, K., Niwiński, W., Wit, A. (1992). Pomiar momentów sił pojedynczych zespołów mięśniowych w warunkach dynamicznych. In: A. Wit (ed.), Biomechaniczna ocena układu ruchu sportowca (pp. 53–74). Warszawa: Instytut Sportu.
21.Laughlin, T. (2007). Pływanie dla każdego. Zielonka: Buk Rower.
22.Lee, B.A., Lee, S.H., Oh, D.J. (2013). Effects of peripheral injury in athletes with long-term-exercise participation in modern pentathlons. J Exerc Rehabil, 9 (5), 481–488. DOI: 10.12965/jer.130067.
23.Montgomery, J., Chambers, M. (2009). Mastering swimming. Champaign: Human Kinetics.
24.Przybylska, A. (2010). Pływanie kraulem. Warszawa: Landie.pl.
25.Sacewicz, T., Bodasiński, S., Śliwa, M., Szyszka, P., Czaplicki, A. (2016). Biomechanical assessment of motor abilities in male handball players during the annual training macrocycle. Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism, 23 (4), 190–195. DOI: 10.1515/pjst-2016-0025.
26.Sadowski, J., Bołoban, W., Mastalerz, A., Niźnikowski, T. (2003). Biomechaniczieskij analiz uzławych elementow sportiwnoj tiechniki akrobaticzieskich uprażnienij. VII Mieżdunarodnyj naucznyj kongres „Sowriemiennyj olimijskij sport i sport dla wsiech". Tom II (pp. 274–275). Moskwa: RGUFK.
27.Sanders, R. (2013). How does asymmetries affect swimming performance? Journal of Swimming Research, 21, 1.
28.Troszczyński, J. (1999). Sportowa technika pływania. In: W. Iwanowski (ed.), Pływanie. Zagadnienia wybrane (pp. 81–105). Szczecin: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego.
29.Wiażewicz, A. (2015). Izokinetyczna ocena parametrów siłowych u zawodników w Ośrodku Szkolenia Pływackiego w Szczecinie. In: J. Eider (ed.), Wybrane zagadnienia olimpijskie w teorii i praktyce (pp. 197–213). Szczecin: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego.
30.Wiażewicz, A. (2016). Shoulder joint torque analysis in young swimmers. Antropomotoryka. Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences, 73 (26), 59–65. DOI: 10.5604/17310652.1226493.
31.Wit, A. (2002). Opracowanie biomechanicznej metody oceny stanu funkcjonalnego stawu biodrowego w procesie leczenia i rehabilitacji. Projekt badawczy, AWF Warszawa.