1. | Bonde, H. (2017). Gymnastics between Protestantism and Libertinism from 1880 to 1940: A Comparative Analysis of Two Internationally Renowned Danish Gymnastics Educators. Nordic Journal of Educational History, 4(2), 85–111. https://doi.org/10.36368/njedh.v4i2.97 |
2. | Cochet, F. (2012). From physical-education activities to war-related activities. Inflexions, N° 19(1), 191. https://doi.org/10.3917/infle.019.0191 |
3. | Eichberg, H. (1993). ‘Popular gymnastics’ in Denmark: The trialectics of body culture and nationalism. History of European Ideas, 16(4–6), 845–853. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-6599(93)90231-E |
4. | Eichberg, H. (1995). Body culture and democratic nationalism: ‘Popular gymnastics’ in nineteenth‐century Denmark. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 12(2), 108–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523369508713898 |
5. | Hoffmann, A. (1993). Nachtegall mellem filantropisme og nationalbevidsthed. Gymnastikkens rolle i dannelsen af den danske identitet i begyndelsen af det 19. Århundrede. Fortid Og Nutid, juni, 134–153. |
6. | Kaimakanis, A., Albanidis, E., & Kirialanis, P. (2008). Gymnastics and the ideological movement of Frederick Ludwig Jahn. 15(1), 43–47. |
7. | Krüger, M., & R. Hofmann, A. (2015). The development of physical-education institutions in europe: A short introduction. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 32(6), 737–739. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2015.1024111 |
8. | Leonard, F. E. (1904). Per Henrik Ling, and His Successors at the Stockholm Normal School of Gymnastics. American Physical Education Review, 9(4), 227–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/23267224.1904.10652589 |
9. | Leonard, F. E. (1918). Physical education in Denmark. The Society of Directors of Physical Education in Colleges. http://archive.org/details/physicaleducatio00leoniala |
10. | Leonard, F. E. (1923). A guide to the history of physical education. Philadelphia and New York, Lea & Febiger. http://archive.org/details/guidetohistoryof00leon |
11. | Ljunggren, J. (1996). Nation‐building, primitivism and manliness: The issue of gymnastics in Sweden around 1800. Scandinavian Journal of History, 21(2), 101–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/03468759608579319 |
12. | Lundquist Wanneberg, P. (2018). Gymnastics as a remedy: A study of nineteenth-century swedish medical gymnastics. Athens Journal of Sports, 5(1), 33–52. https://doi.org/10.30958/ajspo.5.1.2 |
13. | Melnick, S. (2016). Per Henrik Ling-pioneer of physiotherapy and gymnastics. 1, 13–18. |
14. | Møller, J. (1996). Klavremaskiner og trækfugle i det kasteløse Danmark. Idrætshistorisk Årbog, 12. https://doi.org/10.7146/ffi.v12i0.31789 |
15. | Nachtegall, F. (1828). Lærebog i gymnastik for Almue- og Borger-Skolerne i Danmark (Kjøbenhavn : Andreas Seidelin). |
16. | Nachtegall, F. (1834). Regulativ for den gymnastiske Underviisning ved de lærde Skoler i Danmark: (Approberet ved allerhøjeste Resolution af 14. Sept. 1833). Det Kgl. Bibliotek. https://soeg.kb.dk/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma99122045611905763&context=L&vid=45KBDK_KGL:KGL&lang=da&search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=Everything&query=creator,contains,Nachtegall%20F,AND&sortby=date_d&mode=advanced&offset=10 |
17. | Nachtegall, V. V. F. (1831). Gymnastikkens fremgang i Danmark, fra dens første indførelse i aaret 1799 indtil udgangen af aaret 1830 .. Kjøbenhavn, Trykt i Thieles bogtrykkeri. http://archive.org/details/gymnastikkensfre00nach |
18. | Nachtegall, V. V. F. F. (1805). Gymnastiken for de Lærere som ere ansatte ved Kavalleriets og Infanteriets Underofficeer- og Exerceerskoler. Udgivet år og sted. Kiøbenhavn : N. Møller og Søn. |
19. | Nachtegall, V. V. F., & Mønster, P. H. (1802). Indbydelse til Forelæsninger over Gymnastikens Methodik og Historie. In Indbydelse til Forelæsninger over Gymnastikens Methodik og Historie /. Det Kgl. Bibliotek. https://www.kb.dk/e-mat/dod/130021683826-bw.pdf |
20. | Naul, R., & Scheuer, C. (Eds.). (2020). Research on physical education and school sport in Europe. Meyer & Meyer Verlag. |
21. | Ottosson, A. (2010). The first historical movements of kinesiology: Scientification in the borderline between physical culture and medicine around 1850. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 27(11), 1892–1919. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2010.491618 |
22. | Pfister, G. (2003). Cultural confrontations: German Turnen , swedish gymnastics and english sport – European diversity in physical activities from a historical perspective. Culture, Sport, Society, 6(1), 61–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/14610980312331271489 |
23. | Physical education in state and private schools in britain in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries: Elementary schools and other schools. (2010). The International Journal of the History of Sport, 27(5), 872–904. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523361003625881 |
24. | Public Schools in Britain in the Nineteenth Century: The Emergence of Team Games and the Development of the Educational Ideology of Athleticism. (2010). The International Journal of the History of Sport, 27(5), 845–871. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523361003625873 |
25. | Reicher, D. (2020). Nationalistic German Gymnastic Movements and Modern Sports. Culture Between Identity and Habitus. Historical Social Research / Historische Sozialforschung, 45(1 (171)), 207–225. JSTOR. |
26. | Roper, A. P. (2021). Edward thring’s theory, practice and legacy: Physical education in britain since 1800. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 38(2–3), 304–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2020.1867971 |
27. | Shephard, R. J. (2015). An Illustrated History of Health and Fitness, from Pre-History to our Post-Modern World (1st ed. 2015). Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11671-6 |
28. | Soltyk, O. (2017). The Peculiarities of Physical Education Teachers’ Professional Training: Foreign Experience. Comparative Professional Pedagogy, 7(4), 39–44. https://doi.org/10.1515/rpp-2017-0048 |
29. | Trangbaek, E. (1996). Discipline and emancipation through sport. Scandinavian Journal of History, 21(2), 121–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/03468759608579320 |
30. | Tröhler, D., & Westberg, J. (2017). The body between the protestant souls and nascent nation-states: Physical education as an emerging school subject in the nineteenth century. Nordic Journal of Educational History, 4(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.36368/njedh.v4i2.92 |
31. | Westberg, J. (2018). Adjusting Swedish gymnastics to the female nature: Discrepancies in the gendering of girls’ physical education in the mid-nineteenth century. Espacio, Tiempo y Educación, 5(1), 261. https://doi.org/10.14516/ete.162 |
32. | White, E. F. (1887). 1. Scandinavian retrospect. : Swedish gymnastics; educational and medical. . Journal of Mental Science, 33(143), 432–438. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.33.143.432 |
33. | Wikström-Grotell, C., Broberg, C., Ahonen, S., & Eriksson, K. (2013). From Ling to the academic era – An analysis of the history of ideas in PT from a Nordic perspective. European Journal of Physiotherapy, 15(4), 168–180. https://doi.org/10.3109/21679169.2013.833985 |
34. | Živanović, N., & Milošević, Z. (2017). Organised physical exercising of the 19th century: The need, politics, ideology. Physical Education and Sport Through the Centuries, 4(2), 15–29. https://doi.org/10.1515/spes-2016-0025 |