Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

ISSN: 2300-9705    eISSN: 2353-2807    OAI    DOI: 10.18276/cej.2026.1-06
CC BY-SA   Open Access   DOAJ  DOAJ  DOAJ

Issue archive / Vol. 53, No. 1/2026
The Impact of a Short-Term Perceptual Training Program on Performance Kinematics and Dynamic Three-Point Shooting Accuracy in Basketball Players

Authors: Mariam Ahmad Abdullah Abu-Alim ORCID
Sport Science Department, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan

Fadi Afif Fayad ORCID
Sport Department, Faculty of Education, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
Keywords: cognitive training motor skills athletic performance visual perception neuromuscular coordination movement analysis
Whole issue publication date:2026
Page range:12 (67-78)
Cited-by (Crossref) ?:

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigated the impact of a short-term perceptual training program using the Dynavision-D2 device on dynamic three-point shooting accuracy and performance kinematics in semi-professional basketball players. Methods: Fifteen Semi-professional Basketball Players completed a three-week training program (three 30-minute sessions per week) alongside their regular practice. Pre- and post-training assessments measured shooting accuracy using the "90s dynamic three-point shooting" test and analyzed kinematic variables (e.g., wrist extension and ball release angles) using Dartfish software. Results: Results revealed a significant improvement in the three-point shooting accuracy (p < .001, Cohen's d=1.70), with post-training accuracy increasing from 15.7% to 18.2%. Regression analysis indicated significant differences in kinematic variables: Wrist Extension Angle: p=0.004, R²=0.388, and Ball Release Angle: p=0.05, R²=0.161. However, no statistically significant effects were observed for knee flexion (p=0.710), hip flexion (p=0.418), shoulder flexion (p=0.629), elbow flexion (p=0.294), and wrist flexion (p=0.399). Conclusion: The Short-Term Dynavision-D2 Training Program significantly improved three-point shooting accuracy and key kinematic variables in basketball players. The findings support the integration of cognitive-motor training into sports routines, highlighting its potential to enhance athletic performance.
Download file

Article file

Bibliography

1.Abdelrasoul, E., Mahmoud, I., Stergiou, P., & Katz, L. (2015). The accuracy of a real-time sensor in an instrumented basketball. Procedia Engineering, 112, 202–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.07.200
2.Aitcheson-Huehn, N., MacPherson, R., Panchuk, D., & Kiefer, A. W. (2024). Predicting basketball shot outcome from visuomotor control data using explainable machine learning. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 46(5), 293–300. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2024-0063
3.Alexander, M. J., & Hayward-Ellis, J. (2016). The effectiveness of the ShotLoc training tool on basketball free throw performance and technique. International Journal of Kinesiology & Sports Science, 4(2), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.4n.2p.43
4.Ammar, A., Chtourou, H., Abdelkarim, O., Parish, A., & Hökelmann, A. (2016). Free throw shot in basketball: Kinematic analysis of scored and missed shots during the learning process. Sport Sciences for Health, 12, 27–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-015-0250-0
5.Ammar, A., Salem, A., Simak, M., Horst, F., & Schöllhorn, W. (2025). Acute effects of motor learning models on technical efficiency in strength-coordination exercises: A comparative analysis of Olympic snatch biomechanics in beginners. Biology of Sport, 42(1), 151–161. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2025.141662
6.Appelbaum, L. G., & Erickson, G. (2018). Sports vision training: A review of the state-of-the-art in digital training techniques. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11(1), 160–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2016.1266376
7.Basevitch, I., Boiangin, N., Sáenz-Moncaleano, C., & Tenenbaum, G. (2020). Perceptual-cognitive processes in basketball—Individual and team aspects. In L. Laver et al. (Eds.), Basketball sports medicine and science (pp. 789–801). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61070-1_79
8.Blackwell, C., Cary, K., Holst, K., Mandle, K., Dryg, L., Clemens, S., Lemke, J. H., Castro, S., Hendricks, E., & Kelly, R. (2020). Dynavision normative data for healthy adults: Reaction test program. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 74(1), 7401185060p1–7401185060p6. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2020.036251
9.Cabarkapa, D., Fry, A. C., Cabarkapa, D. V., Myers, C. A., Jones, G. T., & Deane, M. A. (2022). Kinetic and kinematic characteristics of proficient and non-proficient 2-point and 3-point basketball shooters. Sports, 10(1), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10010002
10.Cowin, J., Nimphius, S., Fell, J., Culhane, P., & Schmidt, M. (2022). A proposed framework to describe movement variability within sporting tasks: A scoping review. Sports Medicine-Open, 8(1), 85. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00473-4
11.Dartfish. (2020, July 13). User guide for version 9–10 Classic. Dartfish Support Website. https://support.dartfish.tv/en/support/solutions/articles/27000043181-user-guide
12.Feldhacker, D. R., Molitor, W. L., Athmann, A., Boell, M., Kaiser, A., Musch, A., & Willhite, L. (2019). Efficacy of high-performance vision training on improving the reaction time of collegiate softball athletes: A randomized trial. Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, 4(3), Article 6. https://doi.org/10.25035/jsmahs.04.03.06
13.França, C., Gouveia, É. R., & Gomes, B. B. (2022). A kinematic analysis of the basketball shot performance: Impact of distance variation to the basket. Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.37190/ABB-01995-2021-06
14.Huang, Y., & Liu, X. (2022). Methods on visual positioning based on basketball shooting direction standardization. Scientific Programming. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4862806
15.Ji, R. (2020). Research on basketball shooting action based on image feature extraction and machine learning. IEEE Access, 8, 138743–138751. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3012456
16.Jin, P., Ge, Z., & Fan, T. (2023). Research on visual search behaviors of basketball players at different levels of sports expertise. Scientific Reports, 13, Article 1406. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28754-2
17.Jin, P., Li, X., Ma, B., Guo, H., Zhang, Z., & Mao, L. (2020). Dynamic visual attention characteristics and their relationship to match performance in skilled basketball players. PeerJ, 8, e9803. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9803
18.Kambič, T., Krašovec, F. S., Erčulj, F., & Štirn, I. (2022). Biomechanical adjustments of the basketball jump shot performed over differently high opponents. Journal of Human Kinetics, 83, 23–34. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2022-0049
19.Klostermann, A., Vater, C., Kredel, R., & Hossner, E. J. (2020). Perception and action in sports: On the functionality of foveal and peripheral vision. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 1, Article 66. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2019.00066
20.Laby, D. M., & Appelbaum, L. G. (2021). Vision and on-field performance: A critical review of visual assessment and training studies with athletes. Optometry and Vision Science, 98(7), 723–731. https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000001729
21.Lochhead, L., Feng, J., Laby, D. M., & Appelbaum, L. G. (2024). Training vision in athletes to improve sports performance: A systematic review of the literature. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2024.2437385
22.Lu, F. J., Gill, D. L., Lee, Y. C., Chiu, Y. H., Liu, S., & Liu, H. Y. (2020). Effects of visualized PETTLEP imagery on the basketball 3-point shot: A comparison of internal and external perspectives. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 51, Article 101765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101765
23.Lucia, S., Bianco, V., & Di Russo, F. (2023). Specific effect of a cognitive-motor dual-task training on sport performance and brain processing associated with decision-making in semi-elite basketball players. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 64, Article 102302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102302
24.Lucia, S., Digno, M., Madinabeitia, I., & Di Russo, F. (2024). Integration of cognitive-motor dual-task training in physical sessions of highly-skilled basketball players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 42(18), 1695–1705. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2024.2408191
25.Majed, A. A., Imran, A. K., & Tabor, A. B. (2012). The relationship between some ball variables and the accuracy of basketball free throw shooting. Al-Muthanna Journal of Physical Education Sciences, 1(1), 53–63.
26.Mangine, G. T., Hoffman, J. R., Wells, A. J., Gonzalez, A. M., Rogowski, J. P., Townsend, J. R., Jajtner, A. R., Beyer, K. S., Bohner, J. D., Pruna, G. J., Fragala, M. S., & Stout, J. R. (2014). Visual tracking speed is related to basketball-specific measures of performance in NBA players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(9), 2406–2414. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000550
27.Mann, D. T., Williams, A. M., Ward, P., & Janelle, C. M. (2007). Perceptual-cognitive expertise in sport: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 29(4), 457–478. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.29.4.457
28.Moeinirad, S., Abdoli, B., Farsi, A., et al. (2022). Training visual attention improves basketball three-point shot performance under pressure. Sport Sciences for Health, 18, 853–861. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-021-00866-0
29.Oks, A., Oks, A., Katashev, A., & Eizentals, P. (2019, May). Smart glove usage possibility for basketball training: Proof of concept. In Society. Integration. Education. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference, 4, 235–244. https://doi.org/10.17770/sie2019vol4.3991
30.Ong, N. C. (2020). The use of Dynavision in sport and exercise research: A review. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 18(5), 561–580. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2018.1549582
31.Sevrez, V., & Bourdin, C. (2015). On the role of proprioception in making free throws in basketball. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 86(3), 274–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2015.1012578
32.Sirnik, M., Erčulj, F., & Rošker, J. (2022). Research of visual attention in basketball shooting: A systematic review with meta-analysis. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 17(5), 1195–1210. https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541221075740
33.Uludağ, S., Dorak, F., Vurgun, N., Yüzbaşioğlu, Y., & Ateş, E. (2021). Effects of 10 weeks of imagery and concentration training on visual focus and free-throw performance in basketball players. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 21(4), 1761–1768. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.04223
34.Vater, C., & Strasburger, H. (2021). Topical review: The top five peripheral vision tools in sport. Optometry and Vision Science, 98(7), 704–722. https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000001732
35.Vickers, J. N. (2007). Perception, cognition, and decision training: The quiet eye in action. Human Kinetics.
36.Vickers, J. N., Causer, J., & Vanhooren, D. (2019). The role of quiet eye timing and location in the basketball three-point shot: A new research paradigm. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, Article 2424. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02424
37.Wells, A. J., Hoffman, J. R., Beyer, K. S., Jajtner, A. R., Gonzalez, A. M., Townsend, J. R., Mangine, G. T., Robinson, E., McCormack, W. P., Fragala, M. S., & Stout, J. R. (2014). Reliability of the Dynavision™ D2 for assessing reaction time performance. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 13(1), 145–150.
38.Zhang, M., Miao, X., Rupčić, T., Sansone, P., Vencúrik, T., & Li, F. (2023). Determining the relationship between physical capacities, metabolic capacities, and dynamic three-point shooting accuracy in professional female basketball players. Applied Sciences, 13(15), Article 8624. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13158624
39.Zhao, C., Li, S., & Zhao, X. (2023). Empirical study on visual attention characteristics of basketball players of different levels during free-throw shooting. PeerJ, 11, e16607. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16607
40.Zhao, X., Zhao, C., Liu, N., & Li, S. (2024). Investigating the eye movement characteristics of basketball players executing 3-point shots at varied intensities and their correlation with shot accuracy. PeerJ, 12, e17634. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17634
41.Zhen, L., Wang, L., & Hao, Z. (2015). A biomechanical analysis of basketball shooting. International Journal of Simulation: Systems, Science & Technology, 16(3B), 1.1–1.1. https://doi.org/10.5013/IJSSST.a.16.3B.01