Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine


ISSN: 2300-9705     eISSN: 2353-2807    OAI
CC BY-SA   Open Access   DOAJ  DOAJ

Issue archive / Vol. 6, No. 2/2014
Influence of Sex on the Acute Effect of Stretching on V Sit-and-Reach Scores in University Students

Authors: Daniel Mayorga-Vega
Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Spain

Rafael Merino-Marban
Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, Spain

Daiana P. Romano
Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, Spain
Keywords: Gender differences extensibility flexibility physical fitness trainability
Whole issue publication date:2014
Page range:7 (13-19)

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of sex on the acute effect of static-passive one-session stretching on V sit-and-reach scores in university students. A sample of 76 college students aged 19-30 years were divided into a women group (n = 36) and men group (n = 40). During one session the students performed stretching exercises for the major body muscles using the static-passive technique. Hamstring and lower back muscles extensibility was estimated by the V-sit-and-reach test at the beginning and at the end of the stretching session. The results of the two-way ANOVA with the Bonferroni adjustment showed that females and males did not show a different response to the one-session stretching intervention (p > 0.05). However, both the women and men increased statistically their scores after performing the stretching session (p < 0.001). In conclusion, no differences have been found in the trainability of flexibility by sex. However, there are differences of flexibility by the sex of students, being the females, who obtained the highest marks in the V-sit-and-reach. All this knowledge could help coaches to design more effectives stretching programs.
Download file

Article file

Bibliography

1.Baltaci G., Un N., Tunay V., Besler A., Gerçeker S. Comparison of three different sit and reach test for measurement of hamstring flexibility in females university students. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2003;37: 59-61.
2.Bandy W.D., Irion J.M. The effect of time on static stretch on the flexibility of the hamstring muscles. Physical Therapy. 1994;74:845-852.
3.Benavent J., Tella V., González-Millan I., Colado J.C. Comparison of different field tests for the evaluation of the general active flexibility. Fitness & Performance Journal. 2008;7:26-29.
4.Bonvicine C., Gonçalves C., Batigália F. Comparison of hamstring flexibility gain with different techniques of static stretching. Acta Fisiatrica. 2005;12:43-47.
5.Boraczyński T., Boraczyńska B.L., Urniaż J. The influence of physical activity on body composition and the level of student’s flexibility. Medicine Sportive. 2009;13:13-16.
6.Casáis Martínez L. Revisión de las estrategias para la prevención de lesiones en el deporte desde la actividad física. Apúnts Medicina de L´Esport. 2008;157:30-40.
7.Castro-Piñero J., Chillón P., Ortega F.B., Montesinos J.L., Sjöström M., Ruiz J.R. Criterion-related validity of sit-and-reach and modified sit-and-reach test for estimating hamstring flexibility in children and adolescents aged 6-17 years. International
8.Chillón P., Castro-Piñero J., Ruiz J.R., Soto V.M., Carbonell-Baeza A., Dafos J., Vicente-Rodríguez G., Castillo M.J., Ortega F.B. Hip flexibility is the main determinant of the back-saver sit-and-reach test in adolescents. Journal of Sports Sciences. 201
9.Chung P.K., Yuen C.K. Criterion-related validity of sit and reach test in university men in Hong Kong. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 1999;88:304-316.
10.Cramer J.T., Beck T.W., Housh T.J., Massey L.L., Marek S.M., Danglemeier S., Purkayastha S., Culbertson J.Y., Fitz K.A., Egan A.D. Acute effects of static stretching on characteristics of the isokinetic angle – torque relationship, surface electromyograph
11.Daneshmandi H., Rahmaninia F., Shahrokhi H., Rahmani P., Esmaeili S. Shoulder joint flexibility in top athletes. Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering. 2010;3:811-815.
12.Delgado Valdivia O., Martín Cañada M.A., Zurita Ortega F., Antequera R odríguez J.J., Fernández Sánchez M. Evolutividad de la capacidad flexora según el sexo y el nivel de enseñanza. Apunts Med Esport. 2009;161:10-17.
13.González Montesinos J.L., López Herrero M.M., Ramos Espada D., Mora Rodríguez H., Mora Vicente J. Battery tests to evaluate the articulation mobility, muscular shorten and imbalance in university students. Revista Española de Educación Física y Deportes.
14.Grabara M., Kołodziej G., Wójcik M. Spine flexibility and the prevalence of contractures of selected postural muscle groups in junior male football players. Biomedical Human Kinetics. 2010;2:15-18.
15.Harvey L., Herbert M., Crosbie J. Does stretching induce lasting increases in joint ROM? A systematic review. Physiotherapy Research International. 2002;7:1-13.
16.Hedges L.V. Effect sizes in cluster-randomized designs. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics. 2007;32:341-370.
17.Hoge K.M., Ryan E.D., Costa P.B., Herda T.J., Walter A.A., Stout J.R. Sex differences in musculotendinous stiffness and range of motion after an acute bout of stretching. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2010;24:2618-2626.
18.Hui S.C., Morrow J.R., Jackson A.W. Comparison of the criterion-related validity of sit-and-reach test with and without limb length adjustment in Asian adults. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 1999;70:401-406.
19.Hui S.C., Yuen P.Y. Validity of the modified back-saver sit-and-reach test: a comparison with other protocols. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2000;32:1655-1659.
20.Liemohn W., Sharpe G.L., Wasserman J.F. Criterion related validity of the sit-and-reach test. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 1994;8:91-94.
21.López-Miñarro P.A., Sáinz de Baranda P., Rodríguez-García P.L. A comparison of the sit-and-reach test and the back-saver sit-and-reach test in university students. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2009;8:116-122.
22.López-Miñarro P.A., Sáinz de Baranda P., Rodríguez-García P.L., Yuste J.L. Comparison between sit-and-reach test and V sit-and-reach test in young adults. Gazzetta medica Italiana. 2008;167:135-142.
23.Malliaropoulos N., Papalexandris S., Papalada A., Papacostas E. The role of stretching in rehabilitation of hamstring injuries: 80 athletes follow-up. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2004;36:756-759.
24.McHugh M.P., Cosgrave C.H. To stretch or not to stretch: the role of stretching in injury prevention and performance. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2010;20:169-181.
25.Meroni R., Cerri C.G., Lanzarini C., Barindelli G., Morte G.D., Gessaga V., De Vito G. Comparison of active stretching technique and static stretching technique on hamstring flexibility. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 2010;20:8-14.
26.Minkler S., Patterson P. The validity of the modified sit-and reach test in college age students. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 1994;65:189-192.
27.Miñarro P.A., Andujar P.S., García P.L., Toro E.O. A comparison of the spine posture among several sit-and-reach test protocols. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2007;10:456-462.
28.Monteiro W.D., Simão R., Doederlein Polito M., Araújo Santana C., Batista Chaves R., Bezerra E., Fleck S.J. Influence of strength training on adult women's flexibility. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2008;22:672-677.
29.Ortega F.B., Artero E.G., Ruiz J.R., Vicente-Rodriguez G., Bergman P., Hagströmer M., Ottevaere C., Nagy E., Konsta O., Rey-López J.P., Polito A., Dietrich S., Plada M., Béghin L., Manios Y., Sjöström M., Castillo M.J. Reliability of health-related physic
30.Rodríguez P.L., Moreno J.A. Justificación de la continuidad en el trabajo de estiramiento muscular para la consecución de mejoras en los índices de amplitud articular. Apuntes Educación Física y Deportes. 1997;48:54-61.
31.Rodríguez P.L., Santonja F.M., López-Miñarro P.A., Sáinz de Baranda P., Yuste J.L. Effect of physical education stretching programme on sit-and-reach score in schoolchildren. Science & Sports. 2008;23:170-175.
32.Sainz de Baranda P., Ayala F. Chronic flexibility improvement after 12 week of stretching program utilizing the ACSM recommendations: Hamstring flexibility. Sports Medicine. 2010;31:389-396.
33.Shrout P.E., Fleiss J.L. Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychological Bulletin. 1979;86:420-428.
34.Spernoga S.G., Uhl T.L., Arnold B.L., Gansneder B.M. Duration of maintained hamstring flexibility after a one-time, modified hold-relax stretching protocol. Journal of Athletic Training. 2000;36:44-48.
35.Witvrouw E., Mahieu N., Danneels L., McNair P. Stretching and injury prevention. An obscure relationship. Sports Medicine. 2004;34:443-449.
36.Yamamoto K., Kawano H., Gando Y., Iemitsu M., Murakami H., Sanada K., Tanimoto M., Ohmori Y., Higuchi M., Tabata I., Miyachi M. Poor trunk flexibility is associated with arterial stiffening. American Journal of Physiology Heart and Circulatory Physiology.
37.Youdas J., Krause D., Hollman J., Harsen W., Laskowski E. The influence of sex and age on hamstring muscle length in healthy adults. Journal of Orthopedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2005;35:246-252.
38.Yuktasir B., Kaya F. Investigation into the long-term effects of static and PNF stretching exercises on range of motion and jump performance. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2009;13:11-21.