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Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
Vol. 53, No. 1/2026
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Genetic Determinants of Non-Contact Muscle Injury: The Role of the Creatine Kinase, Muscle (CKM) rs8111989 Polymorphism in Physically Active Caucasians

DOI: 10.18276/cej.2026.1-05
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ISSN:2300-9705
eISSN:2353-2807
Autoren: Piotr Kabelis ORCID
Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland

Agata Rzeszutko-Bełzowska ORCID
Faculty of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszów, Poland

Agata Leońska-Duniec ORCID
Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
Schlüsselbegriffe: sports genetics creatine kinase muscle rs8111989 non-contact muscle injury
Erscheinungsdatum der Ausgabe / Monografie:2026
Seitenanzahl:13 (53-65)
OAI-PMH:Metadaten
Klasyfikacja JEL: I10 I12 I19
CC BY-SA Open Access DOAJ Scopus Diamond Discovery Hub
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Abstract

The creatine kinase, muscle (CKM) rs8111989 polymorphism has been repeatedly linked to athletic performance, yet its role in susceptibility to non-contact muscle injury remains unclear. This study examined the association between CKM rs8111989 and the risk of non-contact muscle injury in 269 physically active Caucasian adults. Participants were classified into a study group with a self-reported history of non-contact muscle injury (n=139) and an injury-free control group (n=130). Among injured participants, 25 reported one injury and 114 reported ≥2 injuries. Most participants were engaged in endurance-oriented disciplines, predominantly long-distance running. Genomic DNA was isolated from buccal swabs and genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). Logistic regression models (dominant, recessive, codominant, overdominant, log-additive) were applied to test associations between rs8111989 and injury status (any injury, one injury, multiple injuries), with age and BMI included as covariates. The rs8111989 alternative-allele frequency was 0.690 overall (controls 0.712; injury group 0.669; 1 injury 0.720; ≥2 injuries 0.658). No statistically significant associations were observed between rs8111989 genotypes and either the presence or number of non-contact muscle injuries after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. These findings indicate that CKM rs8111989 is unlikely to exert a major independent effect on non-contact muscle injury risk in this cohort. Replication in larger, prospectively monitored, and sport-specific samples, ideally within polygenic frameworks, is warranted.

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