Analiza i Egzystencja


ISSN: 1734-9923     eISSN: 2300-7621    OAI    DOI: 10.18276/aie.2018.42-04
CC BY-SA   Open Access   DOAJ  ERIH PLUS  DOAJ

Issue archive / 42 (2018)
Strategie argumentacyjne w debacie dotyczącej etycznych aspektów dopuszczalności donacji mitochondrialnej
(Argumentation Strategies in the Debate on Mitochondrial Donation)

Authors: Monika Michałowska
Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi

Joanna Turek
Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi
Keywords: mitochondrial donation definitional problems argumentation inconsistencies
Whole issue publication date:2018
Page range:22 (73-94)
Klasyfikacja JEL: I19
Cited-by (Crossref) ?:

Abstract

ARGUMENTATION STRATEGIES IN THE DEBATE ON MITOCHONDRIAL DONATION Bioethical aspects of mitochondrial donation have recently become one of the most debated issues. The growing interest in the philosophical and bioethical problems it generates has become even more visible since mitochondrial donation was legally allowed in Great Britain in 2015. In this paper we will take a closer look at the arguments employed in the debate, such as 1) argument from uncertainty closely connected with an obligation to use safe and already known alternative medical procedures; 2) the threat of losing personal identity; 3) the fear of creating a child of three parents; 4) detrimental outcome of manipulation in the human germ line. We will analyze the arguments showing that they are in fact the result of the lack of precision in employing medical terminology, the simplification of argumentation or the manifestation of ‘status quo bias’.
Download file

Article file

Bibliography

1.Appleby, J. B. (2015). The ethical challenges of the clinical introduction of mitochondrial replacement techniques. Medicine Health Care and Philosophy, 18, 501-514.
2.Bandelt, H.J. et al. (2005). More evidence for non-maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA? Journal of Medical Genetics, 42: 957-960.
3.Bartnik, E. (2009). Ludzki genom mitochondrialny. Komos. Problemy nauk biologicznych, 3-4, 555-558. Pobrano z : http://kosmos.icm.edu.pl/PDF/2009/555.pdf
4.Baylis, F. (2013). The ethics of creating children with three genetic parents. Reproductive BioMedicine Online, 26, 531-534.
5.Bostrom, N., Toby, O. (2006). The Reversal Test: Eliminating Status Quo Bias in Applied Ethics, Ethics, 116, 656-679.
6.Brągoszewski, P., Ostrowski, J. (2009). Medycyna mitochondrialna. Postępy Nauk Medycznych 2,138-148. Pobrano z: http://www.czytelniamedyczna.pl/3090,medycyna-mitochondrialna.html
7.Bredenoord, A.L., et al. (2008). PGD to reduce reproductive risk: The case of mitochondrial DNA disorders. Human Reproduction, 23, 11, 2392–2401.
8.Briscoe, R. (2013). Ethical considerations, safety precautions and parenthood in legalizing mitochondrial donation. The New Bioethics, 19, 2-17.
9.Butler, J. (1975). Of Personal Identity. W: J. Perry (ed.), Personal Identity, Berkeley - Los Angeles – London: University of California Press, 99-105.
10.Daniels, N. (2009). Normal functioning and the treatment enhancement distinction. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 9, 309-322;
11.DiMauro, S. (2007). Mitochondrial DNA medicine. Bioscience Reports, 27: 5-9.
12.Dimond, R. (2013). Patient and family trajectories of mitochondrial disease: diversity, uncertainty, and genetic risk. Life Sciences, Society and Policy, 9: 2. Pobrane z: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4513040/.
13.Feinberg, J. (1980). The Child’s Right to an Open Future. W: W. Aiken, H. La Follette (eds.), Whose Child?: Children's Rights, Parental Authority, and State Power. Totowa, N.J.: Littlefield Adams, 124-153.
14.Fukuyama, F. (2008). Koniec człowieka: konsekwencje rewolucji biotechnologicznej. Tłum. B. Pietrzyk, Kraków: Znak.
15.Glover, J. (2006). Choosing Children. The Ethical Dilemmas of Genetic Manipulation. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
16.Harris, J. (2007). Enhancing Evolution: The Ethical Case for Making Better People. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press.
17.Human Fertilization and Embryology. (2010). RO 153 Mitochondrial DNA disorders – is there a way to prevent transmission? Pobrano z: http://www.hfea.gov.uk/1564.html#1652;
18.Human Fertilisation and Embriology Authority. (2014). Third scientific review of the safety and efficacy of method to avoid mitochondrial disease trough assisted conception: 2014 update. June 2014. Pobrano z: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Third-scientific-review-of-the-safety-and-efficacy-Genetics-Johnston/25c79556c1157976342165617acd91420310550d.
19.Human Fertilization and Embryology. (2015). (Mitochondrial Donation) Regulation 2015, No.572. Pobrano z: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2015/572/contents/made.
20.Human Fertilization and Embryology. (2017). Statement on Mitochondrial Donation. Pobrano z: https://www.hfea.gov.uk/about-us/news-and-press-releases/2017-news-and-press-releases/hfea-statement-on-mitochondrial-donation/
21.Kabza, E. (2017). Donacja mitochondrialna, Prawo i Medycyna 19, 123-147.
22.Kass, L.R., James, Q.W. (1998). The ethics of human cloning, Washington: AEI Press.
23.Konwencja o Ochronie Praw Człowieka i Podstawowych Wolności. Pobrano z: https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Convention_POL.pdf
24.Kotulska, A., Kucharz, E.J. (2004). Miopatie mitochondrialne. Terapia 5, 152, 43-48.
25.Locke, J. (1955). Rozważania dotyczące rozumu ludzkiego. Tłum. B. J. Gawecki. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
26.Nuffield Council of Bioethics. (2012). Novel techniques for the prevention of mitochondrial DNA disorders: an ethical revive, London.
27.Parfit, D. (2012). Racje i osoby. Tłum. W. M. Hensel, M. Warchała. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
28.Piotrowska, A., Jankauskaite, E., Bartnik, E. Choroby mitochondrialne. (2016). Postępy Biochemii, 62, 2, 111-115. Pobrano z: http://www.postepybiochemii.pl/pdf/2_2016/111-115.pdf
29.Rawls, J. (1994). Teoria sprawiedliwości, Tłum. Maciej Panufnik, Jarosław Pasek, Adam Romaniuk. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
30.Sandel, M. (2007). The Case against Perfection: Ethics in the Age of Genetic Engineering, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
31.Singer, P. (2010). Parental Choice and Human Improvement. W: J. Savulescu, N. Bostrom (eds.), Human Enhancement, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
32.Smeets, H.J.M. et al., (2015). Preventing the transmission of mitochondrial DNA disorders using prenatal or preimplantation genetics diagnosis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 29-36, 29-36.
33.Taylor, P. (2015). Three parent babies: unethical, unnecessary, unsafe. BioNews. Pobrane z https://www.bionews.org.uk/page_94923.
34.te Velde E.R., Habbema, J.D., Van, Kooij R.J. (1955). Application of in-vitro fertilization in (almost) fertile couples should, and can, be avoided. International Journal of Andrology. 18 Suppl 2, 91-93.
35.Thorburn, D.R., Dahl, H.H., Singh, K.K. (2001). The pros and cons of mitochondrial manipulation in the human germ line. Mitochondrion, 1, 123-127.
36.Towers, B. (1982). Medical involvement in procreation: how far? Journal of Medical Ethics, 8/2, 100-101.
37.Wallace, D.C. (1994). Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in human evolution and disease. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 91, 8739-8746.
38.Wallace, D.C. (2005). A mitochondrial paradigm of metabolic and degenerative diseases, aging, and cancer: a dawn for evolutionary medicine. The Annual Review of Genetics, 39, 359-407.
39.Międzynarodowy Pakt Praw Gospodarczych, Społecznych i Kulturalnych.(1966). Pobrano z: https://amnesty.org.pl/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Miedzynarodowy-Pakt-Praw-gosp-spol-kult.pdf
40.Wojewoda, M., et al. (2011). Choroby spowodowane mutacjami w obrębie mitochondrialnego DNA, Postępy biochemii 57, 2, 222-229. Pobrano z: http://www.postepybiochemii.pl/pdf/2_2011/222-230.pdf
41.Wong, L.J. (2207). Diagnostic challenges of mitochondrial DNA disorders. Mitochondrion, 7, 45-52.
42.Wrigley, A., Wilkinson, S., Appleby, J.B. (2015). Mitochondrial Replecement: Ethics and Identity, Bioethics 2015, 29, 9, 631–638.
43.Żuradzki, T. (2014). Nowa liberalna eugenika: Krytyczny przegląd argumentów przeciwko biomedycznemu poprawianiu ludzkiej kondycji fizycznej lub umysłowej, Diametros, 42, 204-226.