Acta Iuris Stetinensis

Previously: Zeszyty Naukowe. Roczniki Prawnicze


ISSN: 2083-4373     eISSN: 2545-3181    OAI    DOI: 10.18276/ais.2025.52-04
CC BY-SA   Open Access   DOAJ  ERIH PLUS

Issue archive / 1/2025 (52)
Współczesna dyplomacja humanitarna – czy jest w niej miejsce dla organizacji pozarządowych? Studium przypadku Ukrainy
(Evolving Humanitarian Diplomacy: Is there room for non-governmental organizations? A case study of Ukraine)

Authors: Małgorzata Myl-Chojnacka ORCID
Uniwersytet Śląski
Editorial Board: Redaktor tomu: Ewelina Cała-Wacinkiewicz
Uniwersytet Szczeciński
Keywords: humanitarian diplomacy non-governmental organization (NGO) Ukraine
Whole issue publication date:2025-03
Page range:15 (57-71)
Cited-by (Crossref) ?:
Downloads ?: 63

Abstract

The paper aimed at presenting an evolution of a “humanitarian diplomacy” concept and at identifying factors that affect the process. It was also attempted to investigate a capacity of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in field of the humanitarian diplomacy. The research was conducted using the historical and dogmatic methods. Theoretical considerations were complemented by practical analyzes of activities undertaken by NGOs in response to Russian invasion in Ukraine. The study showed that the humanitarian diplomacy is a heterogenic phenomenon and its understanding is influenced by priorities and targets that are established, as well as by actors that are involved in activities. However, it may be assumed that the humanitarian diplomacy consist in promoting different interactions aimed at providing peace, justice and help to affected communities. Importantly, these activities may be conducted not only by States, international organizations (eg. the United Nations) or specialized bodies (eg. International Committee of the Red Cross), but also by non-governmental organizations. The Ukrainian case revealed that in the field of humanitarian diplomacy NGOs present a huge potential that cannot be limited only to providing humanitarian support. Non-governmental organizations can also actively negotiate and advocate, thus strengthening capacity of achieving the gools of humanitarian diplomacy.
Download file

Article file

Bibliography

1.Bierman B., Runde D.F., Ensuring NGO Accountability for Reconstruction and Humanitarian Relief in Ukraine, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2023, https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/20237/230718_Bierman_NGO_Accountability_0.pdf?VersionId=PBZtzdEPOhYWQ9keKsqvlZoyxWgQ4EHM.
2.Brkovic C., De Lauri A., Hess S., Grassroots responses to mass migration in Europe: Introduction, „East European Journal of Society and Politics” 2021, vol. 7, no. 2, s. 1–12.
3.Burlinova N., The Role of NGOs in International Relations and Public Diplomacy, „Journal of International Analytics” 2022, vol. 13, no. 1, s. 110–123.
4.Chandler D., The Road to Military Humanitarianism: How the Human Rights NGOs Shaped a New Humanitarian Agenda, „Human Rights Quarterly” 2001, vol. 23, no. 3, s. 678–700.
5.Clark M.D., Humanitarian Multi-track Diplomacy: Conceptualizing the Definitive, Particular, and Critical Role of Diplomatic Function in Humanitarian Action, Groningen 2018.
6.Dobrowolska-Polak J., Humanitarian Diplomacy of the European Union, w: B. Curyło, J. Kulska, A. Trzcielińska-Polus (eds.), Open Europe: Cultural Dialogue Across Borders, vol. 5, New Diplomacy in Open Europe, Opole 2014, s. 115–126.
7.European Parliament, World Humanitarian Summit 2016: Briefing European Parliamentary Research Service, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2016/581988/EPRS_ATA(2016)581988_EN.pdf.
8.Gingerich T.R., Cohen M.J., Turning the Humanitarian System On Its Head, Oxfam America 2015.
9.Gordon S., Donini A., Romancing principles and human rights: Are humanitarian principles salvageable?, „International Review of The Red Cross” 2015, vol. 97, no. 897–898, s. 77–109.
10.Guinote F.S., The ICRC and the “humanitarian-development-peace-nexus” discussion, „International Review of the Red Cross” 2019, vol. 101, no. 912, s. 1051–1066.
11.Harroff-Tavel M., The humanitarian diplomacy of the International Committee of the Red Cross, „Relations Internationales” 2005, vol. 121, no. 1, s. 73–89.
12.ICRC, Strategy 2019–2024, 2020, https://www.icrc.org/en/publication/4354-icrc-strategy-2019-2022.
13.IFRC, Strategy 2020: saving lives, changing minds, International Federation of Red Crossand Red Crescent Societies, 2009, https://go-api.ifrc.org/publicfile/download?path=/Docs/News/pr09/&name=6009.asp.
14.IFRC, Humanitarian Diplomacy Policy and its Explanatory Memorandum, adopted the Governing Board in Paris, 2009, https://www.rcrc-resilience-southeastasia.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Humanitarian-Diplomacy-Policy-English-FINAL-1.pdf.
15.Jaspars S., Hilhorst D., Politics, humanitarianism and migration to Europe, „International Migration” 2021, vol. 59, no. 3, s. 3–8.
16.Jentleson B.W., Preventive Diplomacy: A Conceptual and Analytic Framework, w: B.W. Jentleson (ed.), Opportunities Missed, Opportunities Seized. Preventive Diplomacy in the Post-Cold War World, New York 2000, s. 3–21.
17.Joint I/NGO statement on humanitarian protection and access in Ukraine, 4.03.2022, https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/joint-ingo-statement-humanitarian-protection-and-access-ukraine-enruuk#:~:text=March%204%2C%202022%2C%20Ukraine,in%20need%20of%20humanitarian%20assistance.
18.Jönsson C., Diplomacy, bargaining and negotiation, w: W. Carlsnaes, T. Risse, B.A. Simmons (eds.), Handbook of International Relations, London 2002, s. 212–234.
19.Kaldor M., New and Old Wars: Organized Violence in a Global Era, Redwood City 2012.
20.Korver R., Peacebuilding at the Intersection with Development and Humanitarian Aid, Beyond Intractability, 2020, https://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/peacebuildingdevelopment-humanitarian-aid.
21.Luthuli A., Ntsaluba A., Reflections on Africa in the light of the legacies of Dag Hammarskjöld and Albert Luthuli, w: T. Sellström (ed.), Albert Luthuli and Dag Hammarskjöld – Leaders and Visionaries, Uppsala 2012, s. 9–16.
22.Mancini-Griffoli D., Picot A., Humanitarian negotiation: A Handbook for Securing Access, Assistance and Protection for Civilians in Armed Conflict, Geneva 2004.
23.Mc Hugh G., Besler M., Humanitarian Negotiations with Armed Groups: A Manual for Practitioners, New York 2006.
24.Minear L., Smith H., Introduction, w: L. Minear, H. Smith (eds.), Humanitarian Diplomacy: Practitioners and Their Craft, Tokyo 2007, s. 1–15.
25.Patel S., Van Brabant K., The Star Fund, Start Network and Localisation: current situation and future directions, The Start Network, 2017, https://static1.squarespace.com/
26.static/58256bc615d5db852592fe40/t/5a9ace8f53450a4f0f0a8ac3/1520094867832/The+Start+Fund%2C+Start+Network+and+Localisation+Executive+Summary+-+WEB.pdf.
27.Pictet J., The Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross – Commentary, Geneva 1979.
28.Ramcharan B.G., Preventive Diplomacy at the UN, Bloomington 2008.
29.Régnier P., The emerging concept of humanitarian diplomacy: Identification of a community of practice and prospects for international recognition, „International Review of the Red Cross” 2011, vol. 93, no. 884, s. 1211–1237.
30.Schmalenbach C., Pathways to localisation: a framework towards locally-led humanitarian response in partnership-based action, 2019, file:///C:/Users/malgo/Downloads/
31.Pathways%20to%20Localisation_Eng%20web.pdf.
32.Slim H., Humanitarian Diplomacy: The ICRC’s Neutral and Impartial Advocacy in Armed Conflict, „Ethics and International Affairs” 2019, vol. 33, no. 1, s. 67–77.
33.Straus O.S., Wheeler E.P., Theodore P.I., Lange C.L., Marbug T., Wheless J., Humanitarian diplomacy of the United States, „Proceedings of the American Society of International Law at Its Annual Meetings (1907–1917)” 1912, vol. 6, s. 45–59.
34.Stroup S.S., Borders Among Activists, New York 2012.
35.Turunen S., Humanitarian diplomatic practices, „The Hague Journal of Diplomacy” 2020, vol. 15, no. 4, s. 459–487.
36.UN OCHA, Ukraine: Humanitarian Contact List 2022–2023, https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMzFiNDQ2MTEtZDIwOC00ODI1LTg1NjEtZmU5YTZkYT-
37.hkODQxIiwidCI6IjBmOWUzNWRiLTU0NGYtNGY2MC1iZGNjLTVlYTQxN-mU2ZGM3MCIsImMiOjh9&pageName=ReportSection2654e8f22e4bfacf8690.
38.US Aid, Ukraine – complex emergency. Fact sheet, 2023, https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/2023-04/2023-04-07_Ukraine_Complex_Emergency_Fact_Sheet_12.pdf.
39.Voices of Children, War through the Voices of Children, Kiev 2023.
40.World Bank, Ukraine Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment: February 2022 – February 2023, Report of World Bank; Government of Ukraine; European Union; United Nations, 30.03.2024, http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099184503212328877/P1801740d1177f03c0ab180057556615497.