Intelligent Management and Artificial Intelligence: Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities, Vol.2

Purpose: This study examines the effectiveness of multimodal educational materials for driver training, focusing on how users perceive and process road signs. The research explores the impact of visual design, text placement, and the integration of multimedia elements on comprehension and retention. Need for the study: With the increasing use of digital learning in driver education, optimising materials for better knowledge retention and practical application is essential. Prior studies (Shimazaki et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2022) show that multimodal content enhances learning, but the ideal design for driver training remains underexplored. Methodology: Eye-tracking technology was used to analyse gaze patterns and attention distribution while participants interacted with training materials. Fixation duration, saccadic movements, and heatmaps were evaluated to identify key engagement areas. The study tested different layouts, emphasising variations in text structure, image prominence, and highlighted sections. Findings: Results indicate that users prioritise visual elements like road signs before engaging with text. Highlighted content (bold, colour-coded text) significantly improves comprehension. Findings align with research by (Petzoldt et al., 2013; Makowska, 2021), emphasising the role of structured visual cues in learning. Practical Implications: Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.